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Mushtaraka

The 'shared' case — also called the Himariyya or 'donkey' case.

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

The 'shared' case — also called the Himariyya or 'donkey' case.

In Islamic law

A woman dies leaving a husband, mother, two or more uterine brothers, and full brothers. The fixed shares exhaust the estate, leaving the full brothers — normally residuary heirs — with nothing. The Maliki and Shafi'i schools allow the full brothers to share the uterine brothers' one third; the Hanafi and Hanbali schools leave them with nothing.

In Canadian law

An unusual configuration, but where it arises the difference is total: one group receives a share or receives nothing at all.

Where the madhahib differ

IssueHanafiMalikiShafi’iHanbali
Do full brothers share the uterine third?No — they take nothingYes — they share itYes — they share itNo — they take nothing
Note

Reported as arising before 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, who is said to have revised his ruling; the nickname comes from the argument put to him.

Canadian legal detail

Treadstone Law, an Ontario firm with a wills and estates practice, covers the Canadian side of this in more depth:

Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to one of the references below. Legislation and dollar thresholds change — verify against the primary source before relying on any figure.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
  4. Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 85: Laws of Inheritance (Faraid) — Sunnah.com
  5. Sahih Muslim, Book of Inheritance — Sunnah.com
Scholarly & institutional references
  1. Encyclopaedia of Islam — Brill
  2. Research Papers — Cambridge Muslim College
  3. Research — Cambridge Muslim College
  4. Academics — Islamic law and theology curriculum — Zaytuna College
  5. Renovatio: The Journal of Zaytuna College — Zaytuna College
Canadian legislation & government
  1. Succession Law Reform Act, RSO 1990, c S.26 — Government of Ontario
  2. Locating wills and documents — Law Society of Ontario
Canadian legal commentary
  1. Waiving rights under spouses will marriage contract ontario — Treadstone Law
  2. Selling estate property no will intestate authority ontario — Treadstone Law
  3. Updating estate trustee in will ontario — Treadstone Law
  4. Executor charitable gifts in will ontario — Treadstone Law
  5. Common law partner no will ontario — Treadstone Law
  6. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law