Exclusion — where a nearer heir blocks a more distant one from inheriting.
In Islamic law
Hajb can be total (a son excludes a brother entirely) or partial (a child reduces a spouse's share from one quarter to one eighth). Getting exclusion wrong is the most common error in amateur faraid calculations.
In Canadian law
Provincial intestacy has a comparable ordering by degree of kinship, but the exclusions do not line up with the Islamic ones.
No significant difference between the four Sunni schools is recorded on this point in the sources reviewed. Where a specific case turns on it, ask a qualified scholar rather than relying on a general summary.
Canadian legal detail
Treadstone Law, an Ontario firm with a wills and estates practice, covers the Canadian side of this in more depth:
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This entry is general information, not legal or religious advice. Inheritance turns on the exact family circumstances. Confirm Canadian law with a lawyer in your province, and any religious ruling with a qualified scholar.