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What happens to my business when I die?

It depends on the shareholders agreement more than the will. Many agreements compel the estate to sell shares at a set price.

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

It depends on the shareholders agreement more than the will. Many agreements compel the estate to sell shares at a set price.

The Canadian position

A buy-sell provision can override what the will says about the business. The deemed disposition on death can also create a large tax bill on private company shares.

The Islamic position

The value the estate actually receives is what the faraid shares apply to. If a shareholders agreement fixes a below-market price, the heirs bear that.

Researched — no classical split; present-day authorities differ

RRSPs, TFSAs, joint tenancy and beneficiary designations are all newer than the four schools, so this is not a madhhab difference and we have built no four-school table for it. What the schools do agree is the test: the tarikah is what the deceased owned at the moment of death, not how the asset moved afterwards. Applying that test to Canadian instruments is a present-day question, and named bodies reach opposite results — AMJA and Qatar’s Islamweb keep an earned plan in the estate; Singapore’s MUIS treats a nomination as a completed lifetime gift. No source on either side reasons from probate.

No school ruled on this instrument; named present-day bodies differ. Reviewed 2026-09-01. Full positions, evidence and sources — Assets that pass outside the estate — are they part of the tarikah?.

What to do about it

  1. Read the shareholders agreement before drafting the will.
  2. Model the tax on the deemed disposition.
  3. Consider whether an estate freeze fits — and take scholarly advice, since it moves growth outside the estate.
Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to a source below. Details change — check the original source before relying on any figure, fee or legal position. Anything under “further reading” is related material, not a source for what is stated here.

Canadian legislation & government
  1. T3 Trust Guide — Canada Revenue Agency
  2. Canadian Legal Information Institute — CanLII
  3. What to do when someone has died — Canada Revenue Agency
  4. Income Tax Act, RSC 1985, c 1 (5th Supp) — Justice Laws Canada
Further reading — Treadstone Law
  1. Deemed disposition private company shares death canada — Treadstone Law
  2. Private company shares valuation estate administration tax ontario — Treadstone Law
  3. What is deemed disposition on death canada — Treadstone Law
  4. Deemed disposition death canada — Treadstone Law
  5. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law