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'Ilm al-Faraid

The science of inheritance shares — the discipline this Hub is named for.

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

The science of inheritance shares — the discipline this Hub is named for.

In Islamic law

Faraid is treated in the tradition as a distinct science with its own specialists, and a hadith describes it as half of knowledge and the first thing to be lost. The calculations combine fixed fractions, exclusion rules and proportional adjustment, which is why non-specialists are advised to have a real estate calculated rather than estimated.

In Canadian law

Nothing in Canadian law performs this function. A Canadian will can carry out a faraid distribution, but somebody has to do the arithmetic and write the result into the document.

Across the madhahib

The four Sunni schools share the same core method and differ at defined points — distant relatives, surplus, and the grandfather with siblings among them.

Canadian legal detail

Treadstone Law, an Ontario firm with a wills and estates practice, covers the Canadian side of this in more depth:

Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to a source below. Details change — check the original source before relying on any figure, fee or legal position. Anything under “further reading” is related material, not a source for what is stated here.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
  4. Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 85: Laws of Inheritance (Faraid) — Sunnah.com
  5. Sahih Muslim, Book of Inheritance — Sunnah.com
Scholarly & institutional references
  1. Encyclopaedia of Islam — Brill
  2. Islamic law of inheritance — scholarly overview — Oxford Bibliographies
Further reading — Treadstone Law
  1. Buying out spouse share matrimonial home ontario — Treadstone Law
  2. Minority shares diluted to force them out before sale ontario — Treadstone Law
  3. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law