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'Ilm al-Faraid

The science of inheritance shares — the discipline this Hub is named for.

Draft — pending review. This page has been prepared but has not yet been reviewed by a Canadian estates lawyer or a qualified scholar. Treat it as a starting point for questions, not as advice you should act on.

The science of inheritance shares — the discipline this Hub is named for.

In Islamic law

Faraid is treated in the tradition as a distinct science with its own specialists, and a hadith describes it as half of knowledge and the first thing to be lost. The calculations combine fixed fractions, exclusion rules and proportional adjustment, which is why non-specialists are advised to have a real estate calculated rather than estimated.

In Canadian law

Nothing in Canadian law performs this function. A Canadian will can carry out a faraid distribution, but somebody has to do the arithmetic and write the result into the document.

Across the madhahib

The four Sunni schools share the same core method and differ at defined points — distant relatives, surplus, and the grandfather with siblings among them.

Canadian legal detail

Treadstone Law, an Ontario firm with a wills and estates practice, covers the Canadian side of this in more depth:

Important

This entry is general information, not legal or religious advice. Inheritance turns on the exact family circumstances. Confirm Canadian law with a lawyer in your province, and any religious ruling with a qualified scholar.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to one of the references below. Legislation and dollar thresholds change — verify against the primary source before relying on any figure.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
  4. Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 85: Laws of Inheritance (Faraid) — Sunnah.com
  5. Sahih Muslim, Book of Inheritance — Sunnah.com
Scholarly & institutional references
  1. Encyclopaedia of Islam — Brill
  2. Islamic law of inheritance — scholarly overview — Oxford Bibliographies
Canadian legislation & government
  1. Succession Law Reform Act, RSO 1990, c S.26 — Government of Ontario
  2. Locating wills and documents — Law Society of Ontario
Canadian legal commentary
  1. Canadian citizenship revoked fraud — Treadstone Law
  2. Who can be named executor ontario will — Treadstone Law
  3. Conflicting wills which one governs ontario — Treadstone Law
  4. Specific gifts bequests ontario will — Treadstone Law
  5. Blended family will planning ontario — Treadstone Law
  6. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law