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What is the bayt al-mal and does it apply in Canada?

The public treasury, classical recipient of an estate with no entitled heirs. No such institution operates in Canada.

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

The public treasury, classical recipient of an estate with no entitled heirs. No such institution operates in Canada.

The Canadian position

Canadian estates with no traceable kin escheat to the provincial Crown.

That is a state treasury, but it is not a bayt al-mal in the classical sense.

The Islamic position

The classical Maliki and Shafi'i position directs surplus and heirless estates to the treasury rather than applying radd.

Because no functioning bayt al-mal exists here, later scholars in both schools generally permit radd and inheritance by distant relatives instead.

Where the madhahib differ

IssueHanafiMalikiShafi’iHanbali
Surplus with no residuary heirRadd to fixed heirsClassically to the treasuryClassically to the treasuryRadd to fixed heirs
Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to one of the references below. Legislation and dollar thresholds change — verify against the primary source before relying on any figure.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
Scholarly & institutional references
  1. Encyclopaedia of Islam — Brill
  2. Egyptian Dar al-Ifta — Dar al-Ifta al-Missriyyah
  3. Research Papers — Cambridge Muslim College
  4. Research — Cambridge Muslim College
  5. Academics — Islamic law and theology curriculum — Zaytuna College
Canadian legislation & government
  1. Administering estates — Government of Ontario
Canadian legal commentary
  1. What happens if you die without a will ontario — Treadstone Law
  2. Intestacy ontario no will distribution — Treadstone Law
  3. Minor children inheritance intestacy ontario — Treadstone Law
  4. Selling estate property no will intestate authority ontario — Treadstone Law
  5. Does spouse inherit if no will ontario — Treadstone Law
  6. Does intestacy affect rrsp or tfsa ontario — Treadstone Law
  7. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law