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What is dhawu al-arham and how does it work in Canada?

Dhawu al-arham is relatives who are neither fixed-share heirs nor residuaries.

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Dhawu al-arham is relatives who are neither fixed-share heirs nor residuaries.

The Canadian position

Canadian intestacy has no such category and simply works outward by degree of kinship.

Canadian law gives effect to whatever a valid will says, so an Islamic concept takes effect here through the drafting rather than automatically.

The Islamic position

The Hanafi and Hanbali schools admit them as heirs; the classical Maliki and Shafi'i position does not.

Confirm the position for your own family and school with a qualified scholar rather than relying on a general summary.

Across the madhahib

The four Sunni schools are not recorded as differing materially on this point in the sources reviewed. Where your own case turns on it, put it to a scholar of your school.

Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to one of the references below. Legislation and dollar thresholds change — verify against the primary source before relying on any figure.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
  4. Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 85: Laws of Inheritance (Faraid) — Sunnah.com
  5. Sahih Muslim, Book of Inheritance — Sunnah.com
Scholarly & institutional references
  1. Encyclopaedia of Islam — Brill
  2. Research Papers — Cambridge Muslim College
  3. Research — Cambridge Muslim College
  4. Academics — Islamic law and theology curriculum — Zaytuna College
Canadian legislation & government
  1. Administering estates — Government of Ontario
Canadian legal commentary
  1. Intestacy spouse multiple children ontario — Treadstone Law
  2. Can common law partner inherit without a will ontario — Treadstone Law
  3. Common law partner intestacy ontario — Treadstone Law
  4. Separated spouse intestacy rights ontario — Treadstone Law
  5. Do grandchildren inherit directly ontario intestacy — Treadstone Law
  6. How long does estate administration take no will ontario — Treadstone Law
  7. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law