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We had a nikah but never registered the marriage. Does my wife inherit?

Possibly not, and this is one of the most serious gaps affecting Muslim families in Canada. Provincial inheritance rights generally depend on being legally married or a qualifying common-law

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Possibly not, and this is one of the most serious gaps affecting Muslim families in Canada. Provincial inheritance rights generally depend on being legally married or a qualifying common-law partner.

The Canadian position

Only legally married spouses inherit on an Ontario intestacy; common-law partners do not, though they may bring a dependant support claim.

Several other provinces do treat a qualifying common-law partner as a spouse. Whether a nikah alone creates a legal marriage depends on whether it was solemnised in compliance with provincial marriage law.

The Islamic position

A valid nikah establishes mutual inheritance rights religiously. The problem is that a Canadian court applies Canadian law, and the religious marriage may have no civil standing.

Researched — the schools differ

A valid nikah is one of the three causes of inheritance the four imams agree on, and all four schools agree the contract is formed by offer and acceptance — though they differ over the wali and the witnesses. On the two questions that actually decide estates the split is three-to-one, and it runs opposite ways. The Hanafi, Shafi’i and Hanbali schools hold that an irregular (fasid) marriage creates no inheritance at all, and that a marriage contracted in a death-illness is perfectly valid and does let the new spouse inherit. The Maliki school reverses both.

All four Sunni schools researched and sourced. Reviewed 2026-09-01. Full positions, evidence and sources — Which marriages let a spouse inherit.

What to do about it

  1. Find out whether your marriage is civilly registered in your province.
  2. If it is not, get advice — registering may be straightforward.
  3. Either way, make a will. A will can provide for a spouse whom intestacy would leave with nothing.
The mistake people make

Assuming a mosque ceremony created a legal marriage. Many did not, and the discovery usually comes at the worst possible time.

Note

This is legal information only. For advice on your own circumstances, speak to a lawyer.

Citations & sources

Every factual claim on this page traces to a source below. Details change — check the original source before relying on any figure, fee or legal position. Anything under “further reading” is related material, not a source for what is stated here.

Islamic primary sources
  1. Surah an-Nisa 4:11 — shares of children and parents — Quran.com
  2. Surah an-Nisa 4:12 — shares of spouses and uterine siblings — Quran.com
  3. Surah an-Nisa 4:176 — the kalalah verse — Quran.com
Canadian legislation & government
  1. Succession Law Reform Act, RSO 1990, c S.26 — Government of Ontario
  2. Administering estates — Government of Ontario
  3. Family Law Act, RSO 1990, c F.3 — Government of Ontario
Further reading — Treadstone Law
  1. Dependant support claim out of province estate ontario — Treadstone Law
  2. Common law partner dependant support claim ontario — Treadstone Law
  3. How does intestacy treat common law children — Treadstone Law
  4. Common law partner intestacy ontario — Treadstone Law
  5. Wills & estates practice — Treadstone Law